Actin Organization at the Cell Edge: Mechanism for Formation of Lamellipodium -Lamellum Interface
Presenter
May 27, 2008
Abstract
The complex system of actin filaments spanning the volume of a
moving cell can be subdivided into distinct zones differing in
their dynamic behaviour, structure and function and ordered in
space sequentially beginning from the cell leading edge towards
the cell interior. The first two zones are the lamellipodium,
which underlies the cell membrane at the leading edge, and the
lamellum adjacent to the lamellipodium and propagating further
into the cell volume.
The lamellipodium and lamellar actin networks do not overlap;
they are separated by a distinct interface marked by an abrupt
change of the velocity of the retrograde actin flow, and by a
sharp change of the actin network density and structure.
Revealing the physical forces responsible for the generation
and dynamics of the lamellipodium-lamellum interface is of a
primary importance for understanding the factors which govern
organization of actin at the cell front into the spatially
segregated and essentially distinct sub-systems.
The goal of the present work is to propose a physical mechanism
for this phenomenon. Based on the existing knowledge on the
mechanical properties of actin gels, we consider the
lamellipodium actin network as a two-dimensional elastic
medium, which slides towards the cell centre over a row of
focal adhesions and exerts a friction-like interaction with the
latter.
We show that the friction-like interaction between the actin
gel and the focal adhesions results in formation of a
lamellipodium boundary passing through the row of the FAs and
having a shape similar to that observed within cells. This
boundary is suggested to represent the lamellipodium-lamellum
interface.
We further consider advancing of the lamellipodium-lamellum
interface to a new row of focal adhesions.