Keywords: kinetic theory, polymer-particulate nanocomposites, biaxial liquid crystal polymers. Abstract: In this talk, I will discuss some latest development in the modeling of polymer-particulate nanocomposites (PNC) and biaxial liquid crystal polymers (BLCP) using kinetic theories. Kinetic theory formulation allows one to integrate the microscopic dynamics to the background macroscopic flow field to yield a two-level or even multi-level model for various complex fluids. Equilibrium phases and dynamical states of the PNC and BLCP will be discussed and their rheological responses to shear investigated.