Computation has fundamentally changed the way we study nature. Recent breakthroughs in data collection technology, such as GPS and other mobile sensors, high definition cameras, satellite images, and genotyping, are giving biologists access to data about wild populations, from genetic to social interactions, which are orders of magnitude richer than any previously collected. Such data offer the promise of answering some of the big questions in population biology: Why do animals form social groups and how do genetic ties affect this process? Which individuals are leaders and to what degree do they control the behavior of others? How do social interactions affect the survival of a species? Unfortunately, in this domain, our ability to analyze data lags substantially behind our ability to collect it. In this talk I will show how computational approaches can be part of every stage of the scientific process, from data collection (identifying individual zebras from photographs) to hypothesis formulation (by designing a novel computational framework for analysis of dynamic social networks).