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Abstract
Carefully accounting for neutrino transport is an essential component of many astrophysical studies. Solving the full transport equation is too expensive for most realistic applications, especially those involving multiple spatial dimensions. Resorting to approximations is often the only viable option for obtaining solutions. One such approximation is the M1 method. It utilizes the system of the lowest two moments of the transport equation and closes the system with an ad hoc closure relation. The accuracy of the M1 solution depends on the quality of the closure. I will discuss an extensive study of these closures we carried out a few years ago by comparing the results of M1 calculations with precise Monte Carlo calculations of the radiation field around spherically-symmetric protoneutron star models. We find that no closure performs consistently better or worse than others in all cases. The level of accuracy a given closure yields depends on the matter configuration, neutrino type, and neutrino energy. Given this limitation, we concluded that the maximum entropy closure by Minerbo (1978) yields relatively accurate results in the broadest set of cases considered in this work.
Supplementary Materials