If f is a real polynomial and A and B are finite sets of cardinality n, then Elekes and Ronyai proved that either f(A×B) is much larger than n, or f has a very specific form (essentially, f(x,y)=x+y). In the talk I will tell about an analogue of this problem, where A and B are now infinite subsets of , each of Hausdorff dimension α. In a recent result, joint with Josh Zahl, we prove that in this case f(A×B) will have Hausdorff dimension at least α+c, where c=c(α) greater than 0, unless f has the specific special form as above.   I will explain a connection between this problem and projection theorems, in the spirit of Kaufman, Bourgain, and Shmerkin. Concretely, I will tell about the following result: Given a set E in the plane, consider the set of exceptional points, for which the pinned distance set Δp(E) has small Hausdorff dimension, that is, close to dim(A)/2. If this set has a positive dimension then it must have a special structure. As a corollary one deduces a certain instance of the pinned Falconer’s distance problem.   For the proofs we apply a reduction to the discretized setting introduced by Katz and Tao. In the discretized setting, our proofs are inspired by their counterparts in the finite case, where the classical Szemeredi and Trotter incidence bound is replaced by a recent result of Shmerkin.   The talk is based on a joint work with Josh Zahl.