Abstract: One of the principles of the endoscopic classification is that if an automorphic representation of a classical group is non-tempered at any place, then it should arise as a transfer from an endoscopic subgroup. One also knows that any representation of a unitary group that contributes to the cohomology of the associated symmetric space outside of middle degree must be non-tempered at infinity. By combining these two ideas, I will derive conjecturally sharp upper bounds for the growth of Betti numbers in congruence towers of complex hyperbolic manifolds. This is joint work with Sug Woo Shin.